时间：4月26日星期二16:00-17:30    

Time：4:00-5:30 PM，Tues., Apr. 26th，2022

主持人：西湖大学生命科学学院特聘研究员 苏团民

    Host：Dr. Thuan Beng Saw, PI of School of Life Sciences

在线会议：Zoom ID 381 987 0112 

Online Meeting: Zoom ID 381 987 0112

主讲嘉宾/Speaker:

Dr. Jacques Prost, Emeritus CNRS/ Curie Institute Paris

Prof. Jacques Prost is a physicist/theorist working in the field of Soft Matter/Biophysics. His main contributions are before 1990s in liquid crystals illustrated by his book with Nobel Prize winner P.G. de Gennes (> 21300 citations), and after 1990 the pioneering use of active soft matter physics to biological systems. He has successively focused his attention on molecular motors,active membranes, hearing, cell and tissue dynamics introducing in this last case the concept of "active gels". He was successor of  P.G. de Gennes as head of ESPCI (Paris), and created the “Bordeaux Liquid Crystal Group”, the “Laboratory of Theoretical Physical Chemistry” at ESPCI, and the physics-biology interface at the Curie Institute (Paris). He is also elected member of French Academy of Sciences, and winner of Sackler International Prize of Biophysics. 

讲座摘要/Abstract:

After introducing the notion of homeostatic pressure and discussing its biological relevance, I will subsequently introduce dynamical equations, which allow tissues to exhibit fluid like behavior on time scales long compared to duplication and apoptosis times, in the vicinity of homeostatic conditions. Subsequently, I will describe stress-clamp experiments, which provide numbers on the effects of stress on cell division and apoptosis and introduce the idea of “active” tissue. Then I will describe a dynamical transition in nematic epithelia which we predicted more than ten years ago in the context of active gels: a nematic epithelial tissue placed on stripes of different width, switches from a perfectly quiescent state to a spontaneously shearing state, simply by changing the stripe width! Subsequently, I will give predictions about long time electric effects on polar tissues both for thick epithelia and tissue spheroids. In particular I will show that simple symmetry-based arguments allow to predict field induced proliferation and death of thick epithelial tissues without mutations, as well as lumen formation in spheroids. Last, I will show a few striking experimental results obtained at MBI Singapore, concerning monolayer epithelia submitted to a modest external electric field.

联系人/Contact：

生命科学学院

于文越 yuwenyue@westlake.edu.cn